Basics of Spectroscopic Techniques
Introduction to spectroscopic techniques and UV spectroscopy
General information on spectroscopic methods. Electromagnetic radiation; Planck’s law; the electromagnetic spectrum; radiation-matter interaction mechanisms; transmittance and absorbance. The energy of the molecules; electronic transitions; the UV spectrum; UV absorption of conjugated dienes; Woodward and Fieser rules; conjugated polyenes; the visible spectrum and the color. UV absorption of enons, aromatic compounds; the UV spectrophotometer; monochromator; cuvettes and solvents for UV spectroscopy; double-beam instruments; hyphenated techniques: HPLC-UV; qualitative and quantitative analysis. Chiroptical methods; linearly polarized light; the optical rotation; the polarimeter; measure of enantiomeric excess; circular dichroism; the CD spectrophotometer.
Infrared spectroscopy
Infrared radiation; the harmonic oscillator model; frequency and intensity of IR absorption; stretching and bending vibrations; the IR spectrum; coupling of vibrations; the IR spectrophotometer; FT-IR. Absorption of the main functional groups of natural products.
Mass spectrometry
Basics of mass spectrometry; the mass spectrometer: source, analyzer and detector; electron impact (EI) ion sources, magnetic sector analyzer the mass spectrum; isotopic peaks and their use; mass spectrometry and molecular formula; high resolution mass; the nitrogen rule; the hydrogen deficiency index; fragmentation; types of fragmentation; cleavage; McLafferty rearrangement; organic molecules typical fragmentations; limits of the EI source; chemical ionization (CI), electrospray ionization (ESI), matrix assisted laser desorption (MALDI); quadrupole, ion trap, orbitrap, TOF; tandem mass spectrometry.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
NMR spectroscopy; the nuclear spin; the magnetic moment; the fundamental equation of the NMR; shielding and deshielding effect; the chemical shift; diamagnetic anisotropy; the integration of NMR signals; the multiplicity of NMR signals; the N+1 rule; spin-spin coupling; the coupling constants; the scalar coupling; dipolar coupling; examples of 1H NMR spectra; diastereotopic protons; the NMR spectrometer; solvents for NMR; Fourier Transform NMR; 13C NMR spectroscopy; two-dimensional NMR.
About the Course Instructor
Dr. Hammad Ullah obtained his PhD in ‘Nutraceuticals, Functional foods, and Human health” in 2023 at the Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II in liaison with the Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo Spain. The research activity focuses mainly on the comprehensive investigation of natural products, with the final aim of the development of new food supplement and functional food ingredients. The scientific activity is documented by more than 50 peer-reviewed articles and 4 book chapters. He is currently an Editorial Board Member of BMC Complement. Altern. Med.,J. Med. Food, and Discover Life. His scientific contributions are recognized by several research awards including ‘MEDWELL Award for Best PhD Thesis (2023)’; ‘European Phytochemical Society (PSE)- Dra. Mariola Macías Award (2023)’; and ‘Young Researcher Award at MONASH INITIATE 2022’. In addition, he is a regular member of ‘American Chemical Society’; ‘Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA)’; ‘Royal Society of Chemistry (MRSC)’; ‘International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce (INPST)’; ‘Phytochemical Society of Europe (PSE)’; ‘IUPHAR Mediterranean Group of Natural Products Pharmacology’.
Dr. Hammad Ullah, PhD, MRSC
Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery
University of Naples Federico II,Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy